LKB1 (STK11) must activate AMPK to turn down mTOR (growth). A loss of function and mutation in LKB1 leads to inadequate activation of AMPK and subsequently mTOR remains elevated, leading to aberrant cell growth; a known cause for many diseases including PJS, Lung Cancer, Tuberous Sclerosis, Pancreatic Cancer, Breast Cancer, Stomach Cancer, Small intestine Cancer, Cervical Cancer, Uterine Cancer, Testicular Cancer, Esophageal Cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Cowden Syndrome, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba Syndrome, Lhermitte-Duclos disease, Proteus Syndrome, Polycystic Kidney disease, Obesity & Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiac Hypertrophy, Cardiovascular disease, Proteus Syndrome.